![]() The Office of Transportation Safeguards (OTS) replaced TSD. When the NNSA was established by the FY2000 National Defense Authorization Act as a semiautonomous agency within the Department of Energy, the Albuquerque Operations Office and its entire mission fell under the direction of NNSA. The bearer of that important standard is the NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Atomic Clock, located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder. TSD curtailed the use of commercial transportation systems and moved to a total Federal operation. TSD modified and redesigned transport equipment to incorporate features that enhanced self-protection and denied unauthorized access to the materials. Subsequently, the Transportation and Safeguards Division (TSD) was established in 1975 at the Department of Energy’s Albuquerque Operations Office. This map contains the important locations of the offices, control centers, mines, mills, plants, laboratories, and test sites of the U.S. ![]() As a result, a comprehensive new series of regulations and equipment was developed to enhance the safety and security of these materials in transit. The National Institute of Standards and Technology - Time and Frequency Division maintains the standard for frequency and time interval for the United States, provides official time to the United States, and carries out a broad program of research and service activities in time and frequency metrology. In the late 1960s, worldwide terrorism and acts of violence prompted a review of procedures for safeguarding these materials. Since 1947, NNSA and its predecessor agencies have moved nuclear weapons, weapons components, and special nuclear materials by commercial and government transportation modes. NATO’s nuclear sharing arrangements, which were already in place by the time negotiations for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) began in the 1960s, were codified by the United States and the Soviet Union as a precursor for the final agreed NPT text.
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